In the park - В парке

Jane and Robert are visiting the Lazienki park, with Barbara as their guide.


Jane: What a pleasant park! The very place1 we were looking for.

Robert: Yes, let's sit down on the grass2 for a while.

Barbara: I'm afraid you can't do that. There's a notice there which say's "Keep off3 the grass".

Jane: Well, we'll find a bench then. Look, this one'll do.

Robert: There's a very good view from here. Look, Barbara! Is that the palace your prime minister lives in?

Barbara: No that is a palace that was built by the last Polish king.

Jane: That must be the one4 whose statue we saw as we came in.

Barbara: That was his brother. The palace is a museum now. I'll take you in5 there later. First I must show you the open-air theatre on the lake.

Robert: Is that the theatre you were telling us about this morning?

Barbara: Yes it's where you see that wall.6

Jane: I like it here.7 It's so pleasant and restful. Our London parks are larger, but this one has more variety. How sorry I am for Jim and Maggie!8

Barbara: Why? Aren't they enjoying their visit to Warsaw?

Jane: Oh, yes. But an old friend they ran into9 this morning insisted on taking them10 to the National Museum.

Robert: Well, I don't want to miss that, either. They have several paintings there I want to see.

Jane: We should have gone there the day we arrived,11 when it rained. In lovely summer weather like this it's nicer to sit by a lake.

Robert: Well, I think we'd better see the rest of the park now; it's getting late.

Jane: Och, Robert, you've got a black streak all up your arm.12 The tree you were leaning against must have been dirty.13

Robert: I'll go and wash it off. There seems to be a public lavatory over there.

Jane: I do like these black swans, Barbara. In St. Jame's Park14 we only have white ones.

Barbara: But I remember seeing lots of wild duck there.

Jane: Isn't that Robert coming back already? Why, you've been very quick,15 Robert. Did you find the right place?

Robert: Well, it couldn't have been.16 You told me „pan" means „mister", didn't you? So when I saw a door that had ,,dla pan" written above it, I naturally tried to go in. But the old crone who was sitting outside wouldn't let me.17 She kept waving her arms18 and shouting that sounded like ,,nye too, nye too".

Jane: Oh dear, Robert, you made a mistake: ,,dla pan" means ,,for ladies". You should have gone into the one marked19 ,,dla panow".20

Robert: Well, really! What a language!

Примечание: используйте сноски при открытой вкладке ПОЯСНЕНИЯ

ВЫБРАННЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

Среди этих предложений встречаются относительные предложения типа Restrictive:

     The very place we were looking for.
     Is that the palace your prime minister lives in?
     No, that's a palace that was built by the last Polish king.
     Is that the theatre you were telling us about this morning?
     Yes, it's where you see that wall.
     I like it here.
     I think I'd better show you the rest of the park now.
     Oh, Robert, the tree you were leaning against must have been dirty.
     You can go and wash yourself if you like.
     There's a public lavatory over there.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ

1 The very place we were looking for. Именно такое место, какое мы искали.
2 sit down on the grass; в большинстве английских парков можно ходить по газонам.
3 „Keep off the grass". „He ходить по траве".
4 the one = the king
5 in; здесь: внутрь, в середину (дворца)
6 it's where you see that wall это там, где та стена
7 I like it here. Мне здесь нравится.
8 How sorry I am for Jim and Maggie! здесь: Как мне жаль Джима и Мэгги!
9 they ran into; здесь: которого случайно встретили
10 insisted on taking them он настоял на том, чтобы их взять
11 We should have gone there the day we arrived нам нужно было пойти туда в первый же день нашего приезда
12 all up your arm на руке снизу доверху
13 must have been dirty должно быть было грязное
14 St. James's Park небольшой, но очень живописный парк в центре Лондона
15 you've been very quick очень быстро все сделал
16 it couldn't have been это не могло быть (то место, куда ты шёл)
17 wouldn't let me; здесь: не хотела пустить меня
18 She kept waving her arms она размахивала руками (всё время)
19 You should have gone into the one marked нужно было войти в дверь с надписью
20 Польское слово pan (пан) соответствует русскому „господин", pani (пани) — „госпожа". Родительный падеж множественного числа слова pan имеет форму panow (панув), a pani — pan' (пань). Иностранцу, а особенно англичанину, трудно уловить разницу между pan и pan'. Поэтому Роберт перепутал надписи и пытался войти в дамский туалет.

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ КОММЕНТАРИЙ

Относительные предложения типа Restrictive

1. В комментарии к сценке 30 говорилось об относительных предложениях типа Descriptive (т.е. описательное). В этом комментарии рассматриваются относительные предложения типа Restrictive (т.е. определительное). Например:

     That is a palace that was built by the last Polish king.
     Это дворец, который был построен последним польским королем.

Придаточные предложения с относительным местоимением, выполняющим в нём функцию подлежащего, вводятся местоимением who, если речь идёт о лице, и which, если речь идёт о предмете:

     The old crone, who was sitting outside wouldn't let me.
     Старуха, которая сидела перед входом, не хотела меня впустить.
     There's о notice there which says "Keep off the grass".
     Там есть табличка, на которой написано „Не ходить по траве".

Однако чаще в этих предложениях употребляется местоимение that в функции подлежащего, если речь идёт о лице или о предмете. Например:

     That is a palace that was built by the last Polish king.

Ещё один пример:

     She kept shouting something that sounded like "nye too".
     Она что-то кричала, что звучало как „не тут".

2. Если местоимение, вводящее относительное придаточное предложение, выполняет в нём функцию дополнения, то им может быть that если речь идёт о лице или предмете. Однако чаще встречается бессоюзное подчинение. Например:

     They have several paintings there I want to see.
     Там есть несколько картин, которые я хочу посмотреть.

Более формальным по стилю было бы предложение:

     They have several paintings there which I want to see.

3. Относительное местоимение в функции дополнения может
иметь перед собой предлог. В разговорной речи такое
относительное местоимение часто опускается, а предлог ставится
в конце предложения.

     The very place we were looking for.
     (более формально звучит: ... for which we were looking)

     Is that the palace your prime minister lives in?
     (более официально: ... in which your prime minister lives)

     Is that the theatre you were telling us about this morning?
     (более официально: ... about which you were telling us this morning)

     An old friend they ran into this morning, took them to the National Museum.
     (более формально по стилю: ... into whom they ran this morning)

Если в предложениях этого типа мы хотим сохранить относительное местоимение с предлогом, тогда используем which, если речь идёт о предметах, и whom, если речь идёт о лицах.

4. Если относительное местоимение стоит в форме Possessive (притяжательный падеж), тогда, если речь идёт о лицах, употребляется местоимение whose. Например:

     That must be the king whose statue we saw as we came in.
     Это должно быть тот король, памятник которому мы видели, когда входили (в парк).

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

I. Измените по образцу первого предложения:
1. The man who met Jane yesterday asked her to lend him some money.
   The man Jane met yesterday asked her to lend him some money.
2. The people who invited Robert to the party were very pleasant.
3. The young couple who visited us last week have just bought a new house.
4. The children who found Jack in the woods lived in the nearest village.
5. The woman who stopped me in front of the shop was carrying a big parcel.

II. Вставьте отсутствующие предлоги:
1. This is the house our prime minister lives . . .
2. Here's the theatre I was telling you . . .
3. A friend I ran . . . this morning took me to the National Museum.
4. Is this the lake we were sitting . . . this morning?
5. The tree you are leaning . . . is three hundred years old.
6. Have you found the book you were looking . . . ?
7. The place we are going . . . is on the other side of the river.
8. Who was the man you were talking . . . just now?

III.Заполните пропуски в следующих предложениях:
1. The . . . you want to see are in the National Museum.
2. The . . . you see over there was built by the last Polish king.
3. The . . . Maggie bought at Brummige's has proved very useful.
4. The . . . I showed you yesterday was rebuilt very recently.
5. The . . . I saw in London were much larger than this one.
6. The . . . you're sitting on is freshly painted.

Ответы к упражнениям

Упражнение I.
1. The man Jane met yesterday asked her to lend him some money.
2. The people Robert invited to the party were very pleasant.
3. The young couple we visited last week have just bought a new house.
4. The children Jack found in the woods lived in the nearest village.
5. The woman I stopped in front of the shop was carrying a big parcel.

Упражнение II.
1. This is the house our prime minister lives in.
2. Here's the theatre I was telling you about.
3. A friend I ran into this morning took me to the National Museum.
4. Is this the lake we were sitting by this morning?
5. The tree you are leaning against is three hundred years old.
6. Have you found the book you were looking for?
7. The place we are going to is on the other side of the river.
8. Who was the man you were talking to just now?

Упражнение III.
1. The paintings you want to see are in the National Museum.
2. The palace you see over there was built by the last Polish king.
3. The spit Maggie bought at Brummige's has proved very useful.
4. The theatre (house, palace, etc.) I showed you yesterday was rebuilt very recently.
5. The parks I saw in London were much larger that this one.
6. The bench you're sitting on is freshly painted.

end faq


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